Na COP29, realizada em Baku, no Azerbaijão, os olhos voltaram-se para o espaço – ou mais precisamente, para os satélites de observação da Terra. Com um papel cada vez mais central na compreensão e combate às mudanças climáticas, os dados gerados dessas plataformas se mostraram fundamentais para apoiar ações globais de mitigação e adaptação.
Integração e Monitoramento em Tempo Real
No evento de abertura, o Dia da Informação da Terra, especialistas da Agência Espacial Europeia (ESA) discutiram como os dados de satélite estão sendo utilizados para rastrear impactos climáticos em tempo quase real. Clement Albergel, cientista da ESA, ressaltou a urgência de integrar dados terrestres e espaciais, ao mesmo tempo que defendeu maior financiamento e padronização de indicadores para avaliar a eficácia de ações climáticas.
Entre os destaques está o uso de satélites como o Sentinel-1, que monitora florestas tropicais e regiões costeiras. Em áreas de desmatamento intenso ou eventos climáticos extremos, os dados ajudam a orientar ações locais de preservação e emergência.
Educação para o Clima
No Dia de Proteção do Nosso Planeta (POP), a ESA deu um passo além ao inspirar jovens de todo o mundo a se engajarem na luta climática. A iniciativa, liderada pelo ESERO-UK, envolveu milhares de estudantes em atividades que conectaram ciência espacial e ação climática. Transmitindo diretamente da cúpula, cientistas explicaram como os satélites são utilizados para medir a poluição do ar, o aumento do nível do mar e outros indicadores críticos.
Anna Jungbluth, pesquisadora da ESA, encorajou os estudantes a explorar carreiras em tecnologia e ciência climática, destacando a necessidade de uma nova geração de especialistas para enfrentar os desafios globais.
O Estado do Carbono em 2024
Um marco da COP29 foi a apresentação do Relatório do Orçamento Global de Carbono 2024, que revelou uma expansão de 0,8% nas emissões de CO₂ provenientes de combustíveis fósseis. Embora metade dessas emissões ainda sejam absorvidas por processos naturais, eventos extremos, como secas e incêndios florestais, estão reduzindo a capacidade dos sumidouros de carbono.
Esse alerta vem acompanhado de dados apoiados pela ESA, mostrando o enfraquecimento da capacidade terrestre de sequestrar carbono, o que pode acelerar o impacto das mudanças climáticas.
Parcerias para o Futuro
A colaboração foi um tema recorrente, com a ESA participando de eventos paralelos junto a organizações como a NASA, a JAXA e a Organização Meteorológica Mundial. Essas parcerias visam fortalecer a resiliência global às mudanças climáticas, usando a ciência espacial para informar decisões políticas e estratégias de adaptação.
Ciência e Ação
Enquanto os líderes globais negociavam metas ambiciosas, os satélites provaram ser um elo entre ciência e ação climática. A mensagem da COP29 foi clara: para enfrentar a crise climática, a combinação de dados precisos, inovação tecnológica e colaboração internacional será indispensável.
O espaço pode parecer distante, mas as soluções que ele oferece são uma esperança muito próxima – e essencial – para o futuro do nosso planeta.
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